Juz 3: Al-Baqarah 253 to Āl ʿImrān 92
Section 10 of 14 · Tafsir of the Qur’an · Mufti Abdul Rahman Mangera
Hannah and the Birth of Maryam | Verses: Al-Imran 3:33-37
The narrative now shifts to one of the most inspiring stories in the Quran - that of the family of Imran, which gives Surah Al-Imran its name. This account begins with Allah's selection of certain families for special honor:
إِنَّ اللَّهَ اصْطَفَىٰ آدَمَ وَنُوحًا وَآلَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَآلَ عِمْرَانَ عَلَى الْعَالَمِينَ
“Indeed, Allah chose Adam, Nūḥ, the family of Ibrāhīm and the family of 'Imrān over all the worlds. [3:33]”
The story centers around Hannah (referred to in the Quran as imra'at 'Imrān), the wife of Imran. After observing birds caring for their young, Hannah, who was elderly and childless, was moved to make a heartfelt supplication to Allah. This poignant moment teaches believers about the proper approach to infertility and childlessness.
Hannah's supplication is recorded in verse 35:
إِذْ قَالَتِ امْرَأَتُ عِمْرَانَ رَبِّ إِنِّي نَذَرْتُ لَكَ مَا فِي بَطْنِي مُحَرَّرًا فَتَقَبَّلْ مِنِّي ۖ إِنَّكَ أَنتَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ
“When the woman of 'Imrān said, "My Lord, I have vowed to You what is in my womb, dedicated (to Your service). So, accept (it) from me. You, indeed, are the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing." [3:35]”
Hannah's vow demonstrates her pure intention - she did not merely ask for a child for her own satisfaction but pledged to dedicate her child to Allah's service. She expected to bear a son who would serve in the temple, as was the custom of the time. This teaches us the importance of having noble intentions when asking Allah for blessings.
When she gave birth, she was surprised to find she had delivered a daughter:
فَلَمَّا وَضَعَتْهَا قَالَتْ رَبِّ إِنِّي وَضَعْتُهَا أُنثَىٰ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا وَضَعَتْ وَلَيْسَ الذَّكَرُ كَالْأُنثَىٰ ۖ وَإِنِّي سَمَّيْتُهَا مَرْيَمَ وَإِنِّي أُعِيذُهَا بِكَ وَذُرِّيَّتَهَا مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ
“When she delivered her, she said, "My Lord, I have delivered her, a female child." And Allah knew better what she delivered, and the male was not like the female. "I have named her Maryam, and I place her and her progeny under Your protection from Satan, the rejected." [3:36]”
This verse reveals Hannah's initial disappointment, as females were not traditionally dedicated to temple service. Yet Allah's plan was greater than her expectation. The statement "the male was not like the female" carries profound meaning - this female child would achieve a distinction no male could have attained, becoming the mother of Prophet Isa (peace be upon him).
Soon after Maryam's birth, Imran passed away. Against conventional practice, Maryam was accepted for temple service under the care of Prophet Zakariya (peace be upon him), who was related to her:
فَتَقَبَّلَهَا رَبُّهَا بِقَبُولٍ حَ
“13. Zakariya and the Birth of Yahya [3:37]”
The story of Prophet Zakariya (peace be upon him) and the miraculous birth of his son Yahya offers believers profound insights into Allah's infinite power and His responsiveness to sincere supplication. This narrative unfolds in the context of Maryam's upbringing in the sanctuary, where Allah had placed her under the guardianship of Zakariya.
While tending to Maryam in her chamber, Zakariya witnessed something extraordinary. He would regularly find her with provisions that appeared miraculously:
كُلَّمَا دَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا زَكَرِيَّا الْمِحْرَابَ وَجَدَ عِندَهَا رِزْقًا قَالَ يَا مَرْيَمُ أَنَّىٰ لَكِ هَٰذَا قَالَتْ هُوَ مِنْ عِندِ اللَّهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَرْزُقُ مَن يَشَاءُ بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ
“Whenever Zakariya visited her in the chamber, he found with her some food. He said, 'Maryam, from where did this come to you?' She said, 'It is from Allah. Surely, Allah gives whom He wills without measure.'" [3:37]”
This miraculous provision – often described as unseasonal fruits – moved Zakariya deeply. Witnessing Allah's direct provision for Maryam inspired him to turn to his Lord with a supplication that had long been in his heart. Despite his advanced age and his wife's barrenness, seeing Allah's extraordinary favor upon Maryam kindled hope within him.
At this profound moment, Zakariya turned to Allah with one of the most beautiful supplications recorded in the Quran:
هُنَالِكَ دَعَا زَكَرِيَّا رَبَّهُ قَالَ رَبِّ هَبْ لِي مِن لَّدُنكَ ذُرِّيَّةً طَيِّبَةً إِنَّكَ سَمِيعُ الدُّعَاءِ
“At that moment, Zakariya prayed to his Lord. He said, 'My Lord, grant me from Your own (power) a good offspring. Surely, You are the One who listens to the prayer.'" [3:38]”
This supplication teaches believers a profound lesson about spiritual aspiration. Zakariya did not merely ask for any child – he specifically requested "offspring that is pure" (ذُرِّيَّةً طَيِّبَةً). His prayer demonstrates that believers should aspire to raise children dedicated to the service of Allah's religion, rather than merely seeking worldly succession.
Allah's response came swiftly and miraculously:
فَنَادَتْهُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ وَهُوَ قَائِمٌ يُصَلِّي فِي الْمِحْرَابِ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يُبَشِّرُكَ بِيَحْيَىٰ مُصَدِّقًا بِكَلِمَةٍ مِّنَ اللَّهِ وَسَيِّدًا وَحَصُورًا وَنَبِيًّا مِّنَ الصَّالِحِينَ
“So, the angels called him while he was standing in prayer in the chamber: 'Allah gives you the good news of Yahya who shall confirm a word from Allah and shall be a chief, chaste, a prophet and one of the righteous.'”
In this divine response, Allah not only granted Zakariya's request but also detailed the exceptional qualities his son would possess. Yahya would: [3:39]
- Confirm a word from Allah (مُصَدِّقًا بِكَلِمَةٍ مِّنَ اللَّهِ) – referring to his later confirmation of Isa (peace be upon him).
- Be a leader (سَيِّدًا) among his people.
- Possess perfect chastity (حَصُورًا).
- Be a prophet (نَبِيًّا) from among the righteous.
Overwhelmed by this miraculous response, Zakariya expressed his astonishment:
قَالَ رَبِّ أَنَّىٰ يَكُونُ لِي غُلَامٌ وَقَدْ بَلَغَنِيَ الْكِبَرُ وَامْرَأَتِي عَاقِرٌ قَالَ كَذَٰلِكَ اللَّهُ يَفْعَلُ مَا يَشَاءُ
“He said, 'My Lord, how shall I have a boy when old age has come upon me and my wife is barren?' He said, 'That is how Allah does what He wills.'" [3:40]”
Allah's simple yet profound response – "That is how Allah does what He wills" – reminds believers that divine power operates beyond natural laws. What appears impossible by human calculation remains entirely within Allah's capability.
This narrative offers profound guidance for believers facing infertility or childlessness. It teaches that one should:
- Make a sincere intention to raise righteous children dedicated to Allah's service.
- Never despair of Allah's mercy, regardless of age or medical diagnosis.
- Trust completely in Allah's power to do what may seem impossible.
Yahya was born as promised, becoming a cousin to Isa (peace be upon him) and fulfilling his divine mission as a noble prophet who would later confirm the message of Isa.