Allah's Blessings in Agriculture and Livestock

Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala returns to mentioning His great bounties after discussing the misguided practices of the idolaters. In Surah Al-An'am, Allah draws attention to various types of fruits, specifically mentioning olives and pomegranates, which deserve special consideration:

It is noteworthy that while many fruits are not specifically named in the Quran, olives and pomegranates are explicitly mentioned. This suggests their special significance and the numerous benefits they contain. Believers should pay particular attention to these divinely highlighted foods in their diet.

When Allah provides these bounties, He immediately gives instructions on how to use them properly:

This verse establishes three important principles: First, we are encouraged to enjoy Allah's provisions. Second, we must give the due rights from these provisions (referring to charity and zakat). Third, we are warned against israf (extravagance and waste).

The prohibition against israf is particularly relevant in our modern consumer society. Many people purchase food in bulk without proper planning, leading to significant waste. This wastage has become so systemic that in some countries, legislation is being considered to prohibit practices like "buy-one-get-one-free" offers that encourage excessive purchasing. The Islamic economic model emphasizes measured consumption - enjoying Allah's bounties while avoiding both miserliness and extravagance.

Allah then draws attention to the various types of livestock He has created:

These verses highlight the multiple benefits Allah has placed in cattle and livestock. They serve as:

• A means of transportation for people and goods
• A source of nourishment through their meat
• A source of milk and dairy products
• A source of wool, fur, and leather for clothing and household items

While Islam permits the consumption of meat, it does not advocate for excessive meat-eating. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) did not consume meat daily, contrary to modern practices in many societies where meat is considered an essential component of every meal. A balanced approach, following the Prophetic example, is more healthful and sustainable.

The passage continues with a detailed discussion of the types of livestock Allah has created, mentioning specifically eight kinds in pairs (male and female): sheep, goats, camels, and cattle. This discussion leads to a refutation of the pre-Islamic Arab customs that arbitrarily declared certain animals forbidden based on superstition rather than divine guidance.

Allah challenges these superstitious prohibitions by asking:

This rhetorical question exposes the inconsistency in their practices. If they claim Allah prohibited certain animals, then they should explain the basis of the prohibition. Is it based on gender? If so, why are some males permitted and others forbidden? The same applies to females and to the young carried in the wombs.

Through these verses, Allah establishes that the authority to declare what is lawful and unlawful rests solely with Him. Human beings cannot arbitrarily make such determinations based on custom or conjecture. This principle remains essential for Muslims in all aspects of life, particularly in matters of sustenance and consumption.