The Madinan Period, Part 1: The Hijrah to Madīnah
Section 6 of 29 · The Life of the Prophet Muhammad: The Madinan Period
Quraysh's Plot Against the Messenger of Allah
Before the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) decided to make hijrah, the people of Makkah plotted against him. They came together and started discussing how to deal with the Islamic problem. Some of them suggested that Muḥammad (peace be upon him) should be thrown in jail. The response was, "No, do not do that. This is not a good idea, because if you throw him in jail, his followers will come and take him out. They are going to revolt against us." So the second suggestion came in, and that is to exile him, drive him out of Makkah. So they said, "No, that is not a good idea either, because his talk is very sweet, so he is going to deceive other people to believe in him, and then they are going to come back to you again." So the third suggestion was that of, obviously, who else other than Abū Jahl. He said they should kill him, and the way to do that is to appoint a strong man from every clan, give him a sharp sword, and then have them all strike Muḥammad at once, so that his blood will disperse among the different clans of Makkah, so that the family of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) will not be able to seek revenge — and then they will ask for blood money, and they will be happy to pay it to them. They said, "This is the suggestion that we adopt."
And Allah (swt) says:
وَإِذْ يَمْكُرُ بِكَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ لِيُثْبِتُوكَ أَوْ يَقْتُلُوكَ أَوْ يُخْرِجُوكَ ۚ وَيَمْكُرُونَ وَيَمْكُرُ ٱللَّهُ ۖ وَٱللَّهُ خَيْرُ ٱلْمَـٰكِرِينَ
“And (recall) when the disbelievers were conspiring against you to hold you as a captive, or to kill you, or to expel you. They were planning, and Allah was planning, and Allah is the best planner.” (8:30)
When those who disbelieved plotted against him to restrain him — which is to throw him in jail — or to kill him, or to evict him from Makkah, they planned, and Allah planned, and Allah is the best of planners. So they planned to execute the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him). They wanted to assassinate him, but Allah (swt) protected him.