Until the Time of ʿUmar

They remained in Khaybar until the time of ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb, when he was caliph. Al-Miqdād and al-Zubayr and Ibn ʿUmar went to Khaybar to collect their shares, and the Jews attacked ʿAbdullāh ibn ʿUmar at night: they pushed him from a roof. He was sleeping on a roof, and they pushed him, and he fell down, and both of his hands were dislocated. ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb spoke to the Muslims and said: O people, the Messenger of Allah had an agreement with the Jews of Khaybar that we may evict them if we wish. So the agreement the Messenger of Allah had with them was: you stay and you work the farms; however, whenever we want — it is up to us — whenever we want to evict you, we can evict you. So ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb said: O people, the Messenger of Allah had an agreement with the Jews of Khaybar that we may evict them if we wish. They have attacked ʿAbdullāh ibn ʿUmar and dislocated his hands, as you have learned, having attacked one of the Anṣār before him. We have no doubt that it was they who did it; we have no enemies here besides them. Those who have property at Khaybar should go to it: I am going to evict the Jews. And they were forced to leave, and they went to al-Shām.

One of the reasons ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb did this is the hadith of the Messenger of Allah that no two religions should exist together in the Arabian Peninsula, and the hadith: drive the Jews and the Christians out of the Arabian Peninsula. And ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb, even though he did not hear this hadith directly from the Messenger of Allah, investigated it, found it to be authentic and true, and acted upon it, and drove the Jews of Khaybar out of the Arabian Peninsula to al-Shām.

Three hundred years later, their descendants, who were in al-Shām, wrote up a document stating that this was an agreement between them and the Messenger of Allah that they were exempt from the jizyah: they did not have to pay jizyah. Ibn Kathīr says: this document fooled some of the scholars into believing it, and I have investigated it and found it to be a lie and a fabrication. There was no such document. And the Jews — this is three hundred years later — did not give up: three hundred years later they were still fabricating and claiming that the Messenger of Allah had made an agreement with them that they should not pay any jizyah. So the document was proven to be a fabrication. Then, seven hundred years after the hijrah, they came up with the same document again, probably with some alterations and changes, and again it was proven to be a lie.