"Fight Those Adjacent to You"

So how did Allah provide for the people of Makkah? In the next ayah, verse 29, Allah says:

Fight those who do not believe in Allah or in the Last Day, and who do not consider unlawful what Allah and His Messenger have made unlawful, and who do not adopt the religion of truth, from among those who were given the Scripture — fight until they give the jizyah willingly while they are humbled. This is how Ibn Kathīr starts the chapter on the events of the ninth year of the hijrah, and this is how he opens his section on the Battle of Tabūk: by giving a brief tafsīr of these two āyāt. And the order from Allah (ʿazza wa jall) in verse 123 of Sūrat al-Tawbah — Allah (ʿazza wa jall) says:

O you who have believed, fight those adjacent to you of the disbelievers, and let them find in you harshness, and know that Allah is with the righteous. Allah (ʿazza wa jall) says: fight those adjacent to you. Who were the ones adjacent to the Muslims now, in the ninth year of the hijrah? It was the Romans, because the Roman Empire reached the boundary of the Ḥijāz. So the first people included in this ayah were the Romans, because when this ayah was revealed, all of the Arabs of the Ḥijāz were Muslim.