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Aqida Tahawiyya, Lesson 4: Decree, Provision and the Window of Free Will

Section 9 of 19 · Aqeedah · Mufti Abdul Rahman Mangera

Allah Created You and What You Do

So wa kullu shayʾin yajrī fī al-kawni innamā huwa bi-qudratihi wa mashīʾatihi: not just by some power He gave to it before, but with His mashīʾah, with His will, each time. Khāliqu kulli shayʾ: Allah says He is the Creator of everything.

ٱلَّذِى لَهُۥ مُلْكُ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ وَلَمْ يَتَّخِذْ وَلَدًا وَلَمْ يَكُن لَّهُۥ شَرِيكٌ فِى ٱلْمُلْكِ وَخَلَقَ كُلَّ شَىْءٍ فَقَدَّرَهُۥ تَقْدِيرًا

“the One to whom belongs the kingdom of the heavens and the earth, and who did neither have a son, nor is there any partner to him in the Kingdom, and who has created everything and designed it in a perfect measure.” (25:2)

Wa khalaqa kulla shayʾin fa-qaddarahu taqdīrā: He created everything, and He also allotted for it different allotments.

وَٱللَّهُ خَلَقَكُمْ وَمَا تَعْمَلُونَ

“while Allah has created you and what you make?”” (37:96)

Wallāhu khalaqakum wa mā taʿmalūn: Allah created you and what you do. Allah created you and your actions. In shāʾ Allāh, these aspects are dealt with in a bit more detail when the discussion of taqdīr and destiny comes; that discussion is best not spoiled here.

Wa mashīʾatuhu tanfudh, which basically means that whatever He wills comes into being. His will is fulfilled: anything He wills comes into being. He just has to will it. We will a lot of things. There is the account of an individual who came up to a shaykh with a dilemma: he had made half the preparation for his marriage. Asked why, then, he did not get married, he explained that he had made half the preparation; he had done everything on his side; now she just had to say yes. He had this will — this irādah, this mashīʾah — but nothing was happening, because the other side had to agree. With Allah (swt), anything He wills comes into being.

Then comes point 25:

Article 25. Lā mashīʾata li-l-ʿibādi illā mā shāʾa lahum, fa-mā shāʾa lahum kāna, wa mā lam yashaʾ lam yakun: His servants are without volition except what He wills for them.

This means that His servants do not have a will except what Allah willed for them. Thus, what He willed for them will be, and what He does not will for them will not be.